Logical Access Controls

Study ISC2 CC logical access controls: least privilege, separation of duties, DAC, MAC, RBAC, MFA, and identity lifecycle.

Logical access controls decide what identities can do in systems and data stores. CC questions reward clean separation between authentication, authorization, accountability, and lifecycle management.

Access principles

Principle Exam meaning
Least privilege grant only required access
Need to know access depends on job need, not curiosity or status
Separation of duties split sensitive work to reduce fraud or error
Account review verify access remains appropriate
Deprovisioning remove access when role or employment changes

Access models

Model Basic idea
DAC owner has discretion over access
MAC system/enforced classification controls access
RBAC permissions follow role membership

MFA factor rule

MFA combines different factor categories:

  • something you know, such as a password
  • something you have, such as a token
  • something you are, such as a biometric

Two passwords are not MFA because they are the same factor category.

AI-service account angle

ISC2 includes foundational AI access concerns in the current CC outline. Treat AI bots and automated service accounts like any other identity: provision deliberately, grant least privilege, monitor use, and remove access when no longer needed.

Revised on Monday, June 15, 2026